An ignorant Yank asks for a primary textbook explanation of parliamentary government.
What questions identify questions of confidence for a current parliamentary government?
Surly the prime minister is not bound to call for a national general election whenever any vote in parliament is contrary to the prime minister’s preference? What determines if a question brought up for a vote is a question determining prime minister and their cabinet’s ministers entitlements to remain in office? It’s not entirely determined by the prime minister?
how does a majority member’s or any member’s bill reach the floor for a vote, if the prime-minister’s opposed to it being voted upon?
Every majority proposed bill can’t be a deal-breaker? What determines what bill constitutes cause for a prime minister to resign and or call for a general election?
Can any member propose a vote of no-confidence against any other member (which includes the prime minister)? Does such a bill reach the floor in a different manner?
While they follow British laws and system they are difference.
All have two chambers that votes on the bill, sometimes called acts
in the UK they have a House of Lords, in Canada and Australia they don’t
In Canada they have senators in the second chambers in Australia they have legislative council or upper house
That rarely happens and if the members lose confidence in the Prime Minister its usually dealt with at the party convention , and before that the P.M resigns.
That never happens or rarely happens in a Majority government, bills are usually introduced by the P.M’s cabinet minister, yes there are private members bills but they generally get the okay from the prime minister, they rarely go against the P.M as it could be career suicide, there are no John McCain’s in the parliamentary system
With a minority government that could be the case as the PM has to side with a coalition party and there are times where MP’s have decided to bolt to cross the floor and join another party.
I think that depends on the country’s system, In Canada that never happens, Im not sure if its happened in the UK, If you count David Cameron resigning because of the referendum on Brexit.
Never happens as mentioned before it would a career suicide
Bottom line is in most parliamentary system its Cabinet ministers of what ever industry introduces a bill
A private members can introduce a bill but its usually at the blessing of the Cabinet minister and P.M.
the Exception if its a private bill from outsiders, corporations ( if differs in other countries) but they are scrutinized in both chambers and if the PM of a majority party isn’t keen on the deal it could " ping pong " for a while before it dies
Take a look at this article - it’s a little dated but explains MMP style parliamentary systems well.
Not all parliamentary systems are created equal. Some systems which provide what is called an open list in which voters decide the order of candidates on the list. Other systems provide for party primaries to decide the order of candidates on the list. Some use a national list (Israel); others have separate lists by state (Germany) or country (Norway or region (Wales, Scotland). Some are all list candidates, some are versions of MMP as in NZ, some are additional member systems in which the list vote only determines the number of list seats not the total of all seats as in MMP. In Norway, in addition to the 150 seats filled from the county lists, there are 19 seats filled from a national list. This is to make up for any inequalities as the very least populous counties are over represented because,without that, they’d not be “heard.”
South Africa is a parliamentary system in which the President is chosen and responsible to the lower hours of Parliament just a a Prime Minister would be. The voting system is proportional with provincial lists (9 provinces).